Atomic electron configuration: Difference between revisions
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The '''electron configuration''' of an atom specifies the occupation of its [[electron orbital|orbitals]]. The atomic orbitals (AOs) are labeled by a principal quantum number ''n'' = 1, ..., 7 and a letter that is in one to one correspondence with its angular momentum quantum number ''l'': | The '''electron configuration''' of an atom specifies the occupation of its [[electron orbital|orbitals]]. The atomic orbitals (AOs) are labeled by a principal quantum number ''n'' = 1, ..., 7 and a letter that is in one-to-one correspondence with its orbital [[Angular_momentum_(quantum)|angular momentum]] quantum number ''l'': | ||
:<math> | :<math> | ||
\begin{matrix} | \begin{matrix} | ||
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\end{matrix} | \end{matrix} | ||
</math> | </math> | ||
See [[hydrogen-like atom]] for a further explanation of this notation. See [[electron orbital| | See [[hydrogen-like atom]] for a further explanation of this notation. See the article [[electron orbital|"Electron orbital"]] for the source of the AOs and the building-up principle. A table of atomic electron configurations of all natural elements is given below in increasing [[atomic number]]. The following table is a linear form of the [[Periodic table of elements]]. | ||
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<tr><td>14<td>Si <td>[[Silicon]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>2<td> | <tr><td>14<td>Si <td>[[Silicon]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>2<td> | ||
<tr><td>15<td>P <td>[[Phosphorus]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>3<td> | <tr><td>15<td>P <td>[[Phosphorus]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>3<td> | ||
<tr><td>16<td>S <td>[[ | <tr><td>16<td>S <td>[[Sulphur]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>4<td> | ||
<tr><td>17<td>Cl <td>[[Chlorine]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>5<td> | <tr><td>17<td>Cl <td>[[Chlorine]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>5<td> | ||
<tr><td>18<td>Ar <td>[[Argon]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td> | <tr><td>18<td>Ar <td>[[Argon]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td> | ||
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<tr><td>41<td>Nb <td>[[Niobium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>4 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | <tr><td>41<td>Nb <td>[[Niobium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>4 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | ||
<tr><td>42<td>Mo <td>[[Molybdenum]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>5 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | <tr><td>42<td>Mo <td>[[Molybdenum]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>5 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | ||
<tr><td>43<td>Tc <td>[[Technetium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td> | <tr><td>43<td>Tc <td>[[Technetium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>5 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td> | ||
<tr><td>44<td>Ru <td>[[Ruthenium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>7 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | <tr><td>44<td>Ru <td>[[Ruthenium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>7 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | ||
<tr><td>45<td>Rh <td>[[Rhodium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>8 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> | <tr><td>45<td>Rh <td>[[Rhodium]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>10 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>6<td>8 <td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">1<td> |
Revision as of 09:15, 6 March 2024
The electron configuration of an atom specifies the occupation of its orbitals. The atomic orbitals (AOs) are labeled by a principal quantum number n = 1, ..., 7 and a letter that is in one-to-one correspondence with its orbital angular momentum quantum number l:
See hydrogen-like atom for a further explanation of this notation. See the article "Electron orbital" for the source of the AOs and the building-up principle. A table of atomic electron configurations of all natural elements is given below in increasing atomic number. The following table is a linear form of the Periodic table of elements.
Z | Symbol | Element | 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 7s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | H | Hydrogen | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
2 | He | Helium | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
3 | Li | Lithium | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | Be | Beryllium | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
5 | B | Boron | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
6 | C | Carbon | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
7 | N | Nitrogen | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
8 | O | Oxygen | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
9 | F | Fluorine | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
10 | Ne | Neon | 2 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
11 | Na | Sodium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
12 | Mg | Magnesium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
13 | Al | Aluminium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||
14 | Si | Silicon | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
15 | P | Phosphorus | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||
16 | S | Sulphur | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||
17 | Cl | Chlorine | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||
18 | Ar | Argon | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||||
19 | Ka | Potassium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||
20 | Ca | Calcium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||||||
21 | Sc | Scandium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
22 | Ti | Titanium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
23 | V | Vanadium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||||
24 | Cr | Chromium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||
25 | Mn | Manganese | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | |||||||||||
26 | Fe | Iron | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||||
27 | Co | Cobalt | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | |||||||||||
28 | Ni | Nickel | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||
29 | Cu | Copper | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 1 | |||||||||||
30 | Zn | Zinc | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||
31 | Ga | Gallium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||
32 | Ge | Germanium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
33 | As | Arsenic | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
34 | Se | Selenium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
35 | Br | Bromine | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||
36 | Kr | Krypton | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||||
37 | Rb | Rubidium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | |||||||||
38 | Sr | Strontium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
39 | Y | Yttrium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
40 | Zr | Zirconium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
41 | Nb | Niobium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 1 | ||||||||
43 | Tc | Technetium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | ||||||||
44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||
45 | Rh | Rhodium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||
46 | Pd | Palladium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||
47 | Ag | Silver | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 1 | ||||||||
48 | Cd | Cadmium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | ||||||||
49 | In | Indium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
50 | Sn | Tin | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
51 | Sb | Antimony | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
52 | Te | Tellurium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 4 | |||||||
53 | I | Iodine | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 5 | |||||||
54 | Xe | Xenon | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | |||||||
55 | Cs | Caesium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | ||||||
56 | Ba | Barium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | ||||||
57 | La | Lanthanum | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | |||||
58 | Ce | Cerium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | ||||
59 | Pr | Praseodymium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
60 | Nd | Neodymium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
61 | Pm | Promethium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
62 | Sm | Samarium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
63 | Eu | Europium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | ||||
65 | Tb | Terbium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
67 | Ho | Holmium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
68 | Er | Erbium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
69 | Tm | Thulium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
70 | Yb | Ytterbium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 2 | |||||
71 | Lu | Lutetium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | ||||
72 | Hf | Hafnium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | ||||
73 | Ta | Tantalum | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | ||||
74 | W | Tungsten | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||||
75 | Re | Rhenium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | ||||
76 | Os | Osmium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | ||||
77 | Ir | Iridium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | ||||
78 | Pt | Platinum | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 1 | ||||
79 | Au | Gold | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 1 | ||||
80 | Hg | Mercury | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | ||||
81 | Tl | Thallium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 1 | |||
82 | Pb | Lead | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 2 | |||
83 | Bi | Bismuth | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 3 | |||
84 | Po | Polonium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 4 | |||
85 | At | Astatine | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 5 | |||
86 | Rn | Radon | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | |||
87 | Fr | Francium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | ||
88 | Ra | Radium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | ||
89 | Ac | Actinium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | |
90 | Th | Thorium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | |
91 | Pa | Protactinium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 |
92 | U | Uranium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 |
93 | Np | Neptunium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 |